The additional Chapter in the 2nd edition focuses: Scope of Fibre Optics on Optical Sensor and its application in Bio-medical field basically as measurement solutions where electrical and electronic circuits do not function.
Fibre Optic Sensors: Fibre-optic sensing paves way as very impressive measurement solutions where electrical and electronic circuits cannot function. Fibre-optic sensors function depending on the characteristics of Photons (light). Photons do not interfere with electrons, except with other photons under specific conditions. Optical fibres are immune to electromagnetic and radio- frequency signals, chemically inert, nontoxic and secure. Apart from tremendous impact in the communication fields, the unmatched characteristics make optical fibres ideal for real- time use during diagnostic imaging with MRI, CT, and other Cardiac Imaging systems. Fibre-optic sensing devices spread through multiple industries including medical, aerospace, automotive, civil, manufacturing and energy.
Healthcare sectors worldwide are concerned with advanced biomedical instrumentation to enable patient diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment more efficiently. The scope of fibre optics is well established in Endoscopy and Imaging applications. The intrinsic physical characteristics of optical fibres also make them extremely useful in the field of biomedical sensing. Multimode fibres bearing less than 250μm diameter can be inserted directly into hypodermic needles and catheters. Fibre-optic sensors (FOS) made with step-index or graded-index fibres (<250μm diameter) can perform remote multipoint and multi- parameter sensing. The ability of optical fibre to withstand severe vibration, shock and other mechanical stress ably suits the requirements for military applications especially in Sensor and Surveillance Systems operated in the defence. In addition, Fibre-optic Guided (FOG) weapons have a wide range of use in military applications.
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Use of Infrascanner© 2000: Some concussions may cause to lose consciousness, but it is possible to have a concussion and is not realized by the person suffered. Failure to detect and treat intracranial hematoma (brain bleeding) within the first hour can yield catastrophe if a Computed Tomography (CT) Scan facility is not available in places like resorts at high altitude, on physically un-accessible zone, or in the war field. In such cases, a ha n d h e l d t o o l l i k e Infrascanner© 2000 can be a very useful medical sensing and detecting device to efficiently identify patient’s emergency for immediate referral to a CT scan and neurosurgical mediation, in turn provides faster diagnosis to avert tragedies.
It is a light-weight diagnostic/screening device, includes a sensor and a cradle. It uses Near- Infrared (NIR) technology to screen patients for intracranial bleeding. The sensor of Infrascanner© 2000 includes an eye safe Class I 808-nm-emitting laser diode and a silicon light detector. The light to and from the laser and detector are optically coupled to the patient’s head through two disposable light guides. Infrascanner© 2000 is successively placed in the left and right frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas of the head for a total of eight measurements and the absorbance of light at selected wavelengths is recorded. It compares the left and right sides of the brain in four different areas. Normally, the brain’s absorption should be symmetrical when comparing left and right sides.